source: fierce2/branch/README @ 102

******
README
******

* What is new in 2.0 ?
* Description


*******************
What is new in 2.0?
*******************

Fierce 2.0 is a complete rewrite of the Fierce code using a modular method of
development. Therefore, many of the pieces can be used as there own entity.
This will allow people to quickly create scripts using one or more features of
Fierce.

Obviously, Fierce 2.0 will include the Fierce script which uses the new
modules. This will allow the code to be more readable and this will enable
a faster development and greater flexibility.

Another major improvement in Fierce 2.0, is the testing framework. Each module
will have an included set of tests. This will us to verify things are working
the way they should.



***********
Description
***********

Fierce domain scan was born out of personal frustration after performing a web
application security audit. It is traditionally very difficult to discover
large swaths of a corporate network that is non-contiguous. It's terribly easy
to run a scanner against an IP range, but if the IP ranges are nowhere near one
another you can miss huge chunks of networks.

First what Fierce is not. Fierce is not an IP scanner, it is not a DDoS tool,
it is not designed to scan the whole internet or perform any un-targeted
attacks. It is meant specifically to locate likely targets both inside and
outside a corporate network. Only those targets are listed (unless the
-nopattern switch is used). No exploitation is performed (unless you do
something intentionally malicious with the -connect switch). Fierce is a
reconnaissance tool. Fierce is a Perl script that quickly scans domains
(usually in just a few minutes, assuming no network lag) using several tactics.

First it queries your DNS for the DNS servers of the target. It then switches
to using the target's DNS server (you can use a different one if you want using
the -dnsserver switch but this can cause problems if the server you use won't
tell you information about other people's sites and of course you won't find
much relevant internal address space). Fierce then attempts to dump the SOA
records for the domain in the very slim hope that the DNS server that your
target uses may be misconfigured. Once that fails (because it almost always
will) it attempts to "guess" names that are common amongst a lot of different
companies. Don't ask me where I got the list, it's just a list of names that id
and I have seen all over the place. I thought about adding a dictionary to
this, but I think that would take a lot longer, and given that very few of the
words are dictionary words I don't think this would add a lot of value.

Next, if it finds anything on any IP address it will scan up and down a set
amount (default 5 but you can expand it with -traverse or increase it to the
entire subnet with -wide) looking for anything else with the same domain name
in it using reverse lookups. If it finds anything on any of those it will
recursively scan until it doesn't find any more. In this way it ends up looping
a lot, and the bigger the domain is the more you get back. The reason Fierce
automatically switches to using the target's DNS server is so that it can probe
the Intranet (RFC1918) of the target, assuming the target uses a single DNS
server for both their Intranet and external sites.

I also added a random call to something that should fail to test for wildcard
DNS. If it's found, the wildcard is discarded to reduce erroneous results. That
doesn't speed up the scan because it still needs to check to see if the test
resolves back to IP address that the wildcard is pointing to. However it does
reduce false positives.

Also, I've added a "search" option that allows you to find other non-related
domain names. For example, let's say my target's domain is widget.com but I
know they have email addresses like soandso@widgetcompany.com and own another
company called nutsandbolts.com I can add search queries. This won't scan for
those domains, but if those names pop up, it won't ignore them. Fierce will
report on anything inside the search pattern as long as it matches. If you want
everything I guess you could put a,b,c,...,x,y,z but I'll probably make
something in the future to allow for scanning/reporting the entire C block once
anything is found in it that matches the DNS string. Here's the syntax:

perl fierce.pl -dns widget.com -search widgetcompany,nutsandbolts

I also realized it can be a little bad about finding everything in a class C if
the target used non-contiguous blocks within the class C. To deal with that I
built in a function to allow a scan (of only C blocks). This is also really
useful for scanning intranets if the DNS is poorly configured. I might expand
on this later.

perl fierce.pl -range 10.10.10.0-255 -dnsserver ns1.example.com

As an alternative, you can use the -wide switch which does a wide path of
reverse lookups after finding any C names that match your query in the C block.
This provides a lot more information but is a lot more noisy.

perl fierce.pl -dns example.com -wide -file output.txt

Fierce also has wordlist support so that you can supply your own dictionary
using the -wordlist keyword. Since the brute force does rely on matching at
least a few internal targets, this could be helpful if you know that the naming
convention has to do with a certain non-obvious naming convention or uses
another language, etc.

perl fierce.pl -dns example.com -wordlist dictionary.txt -file output.txt

Not convinced? Prior to running the scan I had never been to either mail.ru or
rambler.ru (a few of the top Alexa sites in Russia). Since I don't read
Russian, performing an audit against them is far more difficult. Here's some
sample output from the two. In the first example you can see that mail.ru has a
non-contiguous address for it's mobile.mail.ru than it does for the rest of the
site. That would have been very difficult to locate with any other scanner. In
the rambler.ru example you can see the RFC1918 space 10.* pop up:

    * mail.ru - 418 entries and 303 hostnames found.
    * rambler.ru - 472 entries and 458 hostnames found. 

Trust me, we've found far more interesting sites than these two in our tests,
but I don't want to disparage any companies for their mistakes. I'm sure you
can think of a few companies to test this against. The results can be pretty
amazing. If you don't get many results, that could be one of three things, 1)
you aren't scanning their corporate domain, you are only scanning their
external domain which they only have one or two machines on 2) it's a very
small company or 3) you typo'd the domain name (I haven't built any checks to
make sure the domain you entered is valid).

Requirements: This is a Perl program requiring the Perl interpreter with the
modules Net::DNS and Net::hostent. You can install modules using CPAN:

    perl -MCPAN -e 'install Net::DNS'
    perl -MCPAN -e 'install Net::hostent'

Windows users: You can use Fierce under Windows if you use Cygwin with Perl and
the above two modules installed. I have not tested this using ActivePerl in
Windows, so I would recommend Cygwin until ActivePerl can be thoroughly tested.
I am/was working on a win32 version of Fierce, but have put the project on
hold. If anyone is interested in picking up where I left off, drop me a line.

Version: Fierce is currently at version 2.0 - 12/20/2007

Download: fierce.pl

Download: hosts.txt

(Thanks to Robert E Lee for the help with this and to Michael Thumann's
DNSDigger wordlist).

Getting started: perl fierce.pl -help

This may some bugs in it. Also this can be a noisy scanner, but in the tests
I've performed it's exceptionally effective at finding non-contiguous IP blocks
and new attack points. This should be considered a pre-cursor to nmap,
unicornscan or nessus as it gives you enough information to begin a much more
thorough scan with one of those other tools. Also, it can point out DNS entries
for hosts that are no longer up or have not yet been put into production.
Please use Fierce with care and at your own risk.